Aluminum Nitride (AlN) performance critically depends on purity, particularly the content of oxygen (O), carbon (C), and metal impurities (Fe, Na, etc.).

Oxygen impurities → Form Al₂O₃ or AlON phases, significantly reducing thermal conductivity (every 1% increase in oxygen decreases thermal conductivity by 10-20 W/(m·K)).

Metal impurities → Degrade carrier mobility in semiconductor devices, reducing performance.

Carbon impurities → Generate Al₄C₃ at high temperatures, causing material embrittlement.

Currently, commercial AlN powder typically has a purity of 99.5%-99.9% (oxygen content >0.5%), while high-end applications (e.g., semiconductor substrates) require oxygen content <0.1%, even <100ppm.

How to Achieve High-Purity Aluminum Nitride?

1. AlN Powder Purification Techniques

①Surface Modification (H₃PO₄ Treatment)

Phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) forms a protective layer on AlN, inhibiting hydrolysis (reducing Al₂O₃ formation).

Advantage: Simple operation, suitable for industrial production.

Limitation: Cannot remove oxygen impurities inside the crystal lattice.

②High-Temperature Heat Treatment (2000-2200°C)

Heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere (H₂/N₂) to volatilize impurities.

Result: Oxygen content can be reduced to 220ppm, metal impurities <1ppm.

Challenge: Requires advanced equipment (tungsten crucible), AlN sublimation loss (~0.5-1%/h at 2200°C).

2. AlN Ceramic Purification Techniques

①NH₄F Sintering Additive

NH₄F decomposes into NH₃ & HF, reacting with Al₂O₃ to form volatile byproducts (e.g., AlF₃), reducing oxygen content.

Advantage: No new impurities introduced, enhances ceramic purity.

②High-Temperature Annealing

Heat treatment at 1800-1900°C to volatilize grain boundary phases, optimize microstructure, and improve thermal conductivity.

Future Trends: Higher Purity, Lower Cost

Advanced Purification Methods: Plasma-assisted purification, solvent extraction, CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) for ultra-pure AlN films.

Scalable Production: Optimized high-temperature processes to reduce AlN loss and costs.

Composite Materials: AlN-Graphene, AlN-SiC hybrid thermal materials for enhanced performance.

Conclusion: Aluminum Nitride – The Core Material for Future Technology

With the rapid growth of 5G, electric vehicles (EVs), deep-UV LEDs, and aerospace technologies, the demand for high-purity AlN will surge. Through advanced purification and sintering techniques, AlN will play a pivotal role in:

① Semiconductor devices (GaN-on-AlN, power electronics)

② High-power RF & 5G base stations

③EV power modules & thermal management

④Deep-UV LED substrates (UVC disinfection)

⑤Aerospace & extreme-environment applications

About Xiamen Juci Technology

Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the research and development, production and sales of high-performance aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic materials. The company is committed to providing high thermal conductivity and high purity aluminum nitride ceramic solutions for fields such as 5G communication, semiconductor packaging, power electronics, new energy vehicles, and aerospace. We can provide AlN substrates, structural components and functional devices of different specifications according to customer requirements.

Media Contact:
Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 592 7080230
Email: miki_huang@chinajuci.com

Website: www.jucialnglobal.com

Project Background

In high-performance bicycle design, the brake lever is not only a key control component but also directly impacts riding safety and handling precision.

Traditional materials often fail to balance lightweight and strength, whereas long fiber reinforced thermoplastics offer outstanding rigidity, impact resistance, and fatigue durability, making them ideal alternatives to metals or short-fiber plastics.

Materials such as PA66 with long carbon fiber or TPU with long glass fiber can significantly enhance structural performance while improving molding efficiency and surface quality—perfectly aligning with modern demands for safety, lightweight design, and aesthetics.

Customer's Project

The products shown above are two types of bicycle brake levers, respectively manufactured using PA66 filled with 40% long carbon fiber (without color masterbatch) and polyether-based TPU filled with 50% long glass fiber (with black color masterbatch).

Each material offers unique advantages, allowing customers to choose the most suitable option based on their specific performance requirements.

Material 1: TPU-LGF50-BLK
Material:

Polyether-based TPU filled with 50% long glass fiber (with black color masterbatch)

Key Features:
1. Finished in a deep matte black tone, this version delivers a sleek, modern look with a smoother surface texture.

2. Offers a slightly flexible feel for enhanced grip comfort, while still maintaining significant structural integrity thanks to the high glass fiber content.

Performance Highlights:
1. Exceptional impact resistance and abrasion resistance

2. Improved surface comfort, ideal for frequent contact or high-vibration environments

3. Perfect for applications where tactile feel, flexibility, and weather resistance are key considerations

Click the material image to see details

Material 2: PA66-LCF40-NAT
Material:

PA66 filled with 40% long carbon fiber (no color masterbatch)

Key Features:
1. This brake lever features a natural finish that highlights the carbon fiber texture, clearly visible on the surface.

2. The unique grain of the long carbon fibers offers a premium look and feel, echoing the aesthetics of carbon fiber parts in professional cycling equipment.

Performance Highlights:
1. Excellent rigidity and strength, ideal for high-load applications

2. Superior heat resistance and dimensional stability

3. Best suited for riders or product designs that demand lightweight structural strength and a carbon-tech appearance

Click the material image to see details

Advantages

Lightweight Metal Replacement
1. Both PA66-LCF40-NAT and TPU-LGF50-BLK offer significant weight reduction compared to traditional aluminum alloy or steel brake levers.

2. PA66-LCF40-NAT provides high stiffness at low density, reducing overall component weight without sacrificing mechanical strength.

3. This lightweight solution helps improve riding efficiency and handling agility, especially in competitive or endurance cycling.

Integrated Cost Efficiency
1. Long fiber thermoplastics allow one-step injection molding, eliminating the need for secondary assembly or metal machining.

2. This streamlines production and reduces tooling complexity.

3. Compared with aluminum or engineering plastics, the total cost is significantly optimized.

Durability in Harsh Conditions
1. These materials are designed to perform reliably under outdoor and high-vibration environments, such as mountain biking or long-distance rides.

2. PA66 offers superior resistance to fatigue, heat, and moisture.

3. TPU brings added flexibility, shock absorption, and grip comfort, ideal for frequent user contact.

Design Flexibility & Customization
1. LFT-G supports custom formulations tailored to customer needs:

2. Color options (natural carbon fiber texture, matte black, etc.)

3. Surface finish customization (visible fiber pattern vs. smooth touch)

4. Optional UV or chemical resistance for extended product lifespan

Typical Application Scenarios
High-performance road or mountain bike brake levers

E-bike brake systems requiring vibration damping and rigid control

Ergonomic brake components for urban commuter bikes

Lightweight replacement of metal brake handles in mid- to high-end bicycles

Learn More
If you're exploring material solutions for bicycle components that require a balance of strength, durability, and processing efficiency, our formulations offer reliable, well-tested options.

We welcome you to get in touch for further technical details, sample requests, or to discuss specific application needs.

Reinforced nylon (especially glass fiber reinforced grades such as PA6-GF and PA66-GF) is a mainstream and high-performance material choice for e-bike wheel hubs, particularly motor-integrated hubs. It offers an excellent balance of strength, stiffness, toughness, heat resistance, wear resistance, and processability, while also enabling lightweight design.

This material is commonly used in mid- to low-end or urban commuter e-bikes, where reinforced nylon hubs are more widely adopted. Its advantages in terms of weight reduction and cost efficiency are especially evident in models that do not demand extreme performance. Additionally, corrosion resistance is a notable selling point.

Manufacturers typically address the inherent limitations of the material through thoughtful design—such as the extensive use of metal inserts and structural optimization—and by selecting high-performance grades to meet specific application needs.

Key Application Advantages
1. Significant Weight Reduction – The Primary Advantage
Extended Range: A lighter hub requires less energy for motor drive, directly increasing battery life.

Improved Handling: Reduced rotational inertia allows for quicker acceleration and deceleration, delivering a more agile and responsive ride.

Enhanced Comfort: Lower unsprung mass enables the wheel to better follow road surface variations, reducing vibration transmitted to the frame and improving overall comfort.

- This is the most critical advantage. Nylon has a much lower density compared to aluminum alloy (approx. 1.15–1.4 g/cm³ vs. 2.7 g/cm³). Even when reinforced with 30–50% glass fiber, the material density typically remains below 2.0 g/cm³.

- Reducing unsprung mass is crucial for e-bikes.

2. Cost Efficiency (Especially in Mass Production)
Material Cost: Reinforced nylon granules generally cost less than high-grade aluminum alloys.

Processing Cost: Injection molding offers high production efficiency and enables complex parts to be formed in one step, eliminating the need for multiple machining processes (e.g., casting, CNC, turning, drilling), thus significantly reducing per-unit cost.

Post-Processing Cost: Molded nylon parts typically require no additional surface treatment (e.g., sandblasting, anodizing), which is often necessary for aluminum hubs.

3. Design Flexibility
Injection molding allows for highly complex geometries, internal ribbing, and integrated functional features such as:
Mounts for sensors
Cable routing channels
Specialized heat dissipation structures
Such features are difficult or costly to achieve using traditional metal processing. It also enables easier aerodynamic optimization.

4. Corrosion Resistance
Nylon offers excellent resistance to chemical corrosion (salt, water, cleaning agents) and does not rust. This is a major advantage for bikes used in rainy, humid, or salt-treated winter road environments—reducing maintenance needs.

5. Shock Absorption & Noise Reduction
Nylon has inherent damping properties that help absorb road impact and reduce vibration and motor noise transmission—improving ride comfort and quietness.

6. Strong Mechanical Properties
Glass fiber reinforcement significantly enhances the strength, stiffness, hardness, and dimensional stability of nylon, allowing it to handle the structural loads and motor torque required by wheel hubs. Its impact resistance often exceeds that of metal.

Datasheet

Polypropylene Homopolymer 40% Long Glass Fiber Reinforced

Injection Molding Process for E-Bike Wheel Hubs
Electric bike hubs—especially complex motor-integrated designs—are mainly produced using injection molding.

The key process steps include:

1. Material Pre-Treatment (Drying)
Critical Step! Nylon is highly hygroscopic. Excessive moisture leads to:

Melt viscosity drop → flash, burrs

Defects such as bubbles, silver streaks, poor surface

Hydrolytic degradation → serious loss of mechanical properties (strength, toughness)

Requirement:
Must be thoroughly dried before use.
Target moisture content: < 0.2% (preferably down to 0.1%)

Method:
Use a desiccant dryer:
PA6: 80–90°C,
PA66: 90–110°C,
Duration: ≥ 4–6 hours
Hopper must be heated (~80°C) to prevent reabsorption of moisture.

2. Injection Molding Parameters
Barrel Temperature:

PA6-GF: 240–280°C (increasing from rear to front); avoid exceeding 290°C to prevent degradation.

PA66-GF: 270–310°C; do not exceed 320°C.

Principle:
Use the lowest possible temperature that ensures good flow and complete filling to reduce thermal degradation.
High GF content may require slightly higher temps.

Mold Temperature:
Critical factor! Influences crystallinity, shrinkage, internal stress, surface finish, and mechanical properties.

Recommended range: 70–110°C

Mold Temp Features
70–85°C Fast cooling, shorter cycle time, lower crystallinity, higher shrinkage and internal stress, lower dimensional stability and surface gloss. Risk of warping.
85–110°C Strongly recommended for hubs. Enhances:

Crystallinity
Dimensional stability (uniform and predictable shrinkage)
Mechanical strength, stiffness, HDT
Surface gloss
Reduces warping, internal stress, post-shrinkage
→ Requires mold temperature controllers

Injection Pressure / Speed:
Medium to high pressure due to high melt viscosity
High-speed injection aids filling of complex hub structures (thin walls, long flow paths), minimizing weld line weakening and flow marks
Avoid jetting
Use multi-stage injection:
High-speed for bulk filling
Low-speed/low-pressure at the end to reduce stress and prevent overpacking during switchover

Holding Pressure / Time:
Holding Pressure: 50–80% of injection pressure
Too high: internal stress, flashing, difficult demolding
Too low: sink marks, voids, insufficient filling

Holding Time:
Crucial! Must be long enough to ensure continued packing before gate freeze-off
Short holding time → major cause of warpage/sink marks
Adjust based on wall thickness, mold temp, material—generally longer for hubs

Cooling Time:
Sufficient cooling needed to ensure part solidification and deformation-free ejection
Higher mold temps and thicker walls require longer cooling
Efficient cooling system design (near high heat load zones) is key to shortening cycles and improving quality

3. Mold Design Considerations
Gate Design:
Hubs are large and complex → typically use multi-point hot runners or large cold runners
Gate location and number are critical: affect flow balance, weld line position/strength, internal stress, and warpage
→ Precise flow simulation and design needed

Venting:
Essential to prevent burns, short shots
Add vent grooves (typically 0.02–0.04 mm depth) at:
End of flow paths
Base of ribs
Around inserts

Ejection System:
Large hub parts require strong and evenly distributed ejection (ejector pins/blocks)
Ensure smooth, synchronous ejection to avoid stress whitening or deformation

Wear Resistance:
GF is abrasive → molds, especially gates/runners/cavity surfaces, suffer wear
Use high-hardness, wear-resistant steels (e.g., H13) with surface treatments (nitriding, hard chrome plating, PVD coatings)

Cooling Channel Design:
High-efficiency, evenly distributed cooling is crucial to control mold temperature, reduce cycle time, and minimize warpage

4. Post-Treatment (Optional but Recommended)
Annealing:
Heat parts to 100–120°C (below nylon's melting point) for several hours, then slowly cool

Purpose:

Achieve moisture equilibrium before use
Prevent unpredictable dimensional changes (swelling) and performance fluctuations (toughness ↑, strength/stiffness ↓)
Especially important for PA6 hubs (also applicable to PA66)

Machining (if needed):
For high-precision areas (bearing seats, mounting holes), minor machining (turning, drilling) may be required

Gloves are the most commonly used protective tools in the laboratory besides goggles. There are many types of gloves, and different gloves have different uses.

1. Natural rubber (latex)

Latex gloves, made from natural rubber, typically lack a lining and are available in both clean and sterile versions. These gloves can provide effective protection against alkalis, alcohols, and a variety of chemical dilution aqueous solutions, and can better prevent corrosion from aldehydes and ketones.

2. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gloves

The gloves do not contain allergens, are powder-free, have low dust generation, low ion content, strong chemical corrosion resistance, can protect almost all chemical hazardous substances, and also have anti-static properties. Thickened and treated surfaces (such as fleece surfaces) can also prevent general mechanical wear, and thickened types can also prevent cold, with an operating temperature of -4℃ to 66℃. Can be used in a dust-free environment.

PVC gloves grading standards:

Grade A products, no holes on the surface of the gloves (PVC gloves with powder), uniform powder, no obvious powder, transparent milky white color, no obvious ink spots, no impurities, and the size and physical properties of each part meet customer requirements.

Grade B products, slight stains, 3 small black spots (1mm≤diameter≤2mm), or a large number of small black spots (diameter≤1mm) (diameter>5), deformation, impurities (diameter≤1mm), slightly yellow color, serious nail marks, cracks, and the size and physical properties of each part do not meet the requirements.

3. PE gloves

PE gloves are disposable gloves made of polyethylene. These gloves are waterproof, oil-proof, anti-bacterial, and resistant to acids and bases. Note: PE gloves are safe to use with food and are non-toxic. It is better to keep PVC gloves away from food, especially if it's hot.

4. Nitrile rubber gloves

Nitrile rubber gloves are usually divided into disposable gloves, medium-duty unlined gloves and light-duty lined gloves. These gloves can prevent erosion by grease (including animal fat), xylene, polyethylene and aliphatic solvents; they can also prevent most pesticide formulations and are often used in the use of biological components and other chemicals. Nitrile rubber gloves do not contain protein, amino compounds and other harmful substances, and rarely cause allergies. They are silicone-free and have certain antistatic properties, which are suitable for the production needs of the electronics industry. They have low surface chemical residues, low ion content and small particle content, and are suitable for strict clean room environments.

5. Neoprene gloves

Similar to the comfort of natural rubber, neoprene gloves are resistant to light, aging, flexing, acid and alkali, ozone, combustion, heat and oil.

6. Butyl rubber gloves

Butyl rubber is only used as a material for medium-sized unlined gloves and can be used for operations in glove boxes, anaerobic boxes, incubators, and operating boxes; it has super durability against fluoric acid, aqua regia, nitric acid, strong acids, strong alkalis, toluene, alcohol, etc., and is a special rubber synthetic resistant liquid gloves.

7. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gloves

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) can be used as a material for medium-sized lined gloves, so this type of gloves can provide a high level of protection and corrosion resistance against a variety of organic chemicals, such as aliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, fluorocarbons and most ketones (except acetone), esters and ethers.

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1. Research and development of chloroprene rubber

Chloroprene rubber & Neoprene latex is famous for its weather resistance, excellent physical properties, chemical resistance and oil resistance. Therefore, chloroprene rubber is widely used in rubber accessories that are exposed to the air and require oil resistance and high mechanical properties, such as: hoses, conveyor belts, transmission belts, cable sheaths, dust covers, shock pads, air capsules and other rubber products that require weather resistance, oil resistance, high physical properties and good flexural properties. The trade name of LANXESS chloroprene rubber is Baypren, which is translated into Bayer Ping in Chinese. It evolved from the original Perbunan C of Bayer Company and was produced in the Dormagen factory in Germany.

2. Trade names and naming principles of LANXESS chloroprene rubber

• Trade names of LANXESS chloroprene rubber

LANXESS chloroprene rubber has a variety of brands to meet the needs of different products and different application environments. For specific brands, please refer to the LANXESS rubber product brand table. The main varieties of Lanxess nylon-butadiene rubber currently sold in China are: Baypren126 is a molded grade, which is resistant to high and low temperatures, has good physical and mechanical properties, excellent process, and does not burn or stick to rollers.

Baypren 116 has a lower Mooney viscosity than Bapren126, and the rubber compound has good fluidity. It is a grade for extruded products, with stable extruded dimensions, smooth surface, and high efficiency.

Baypren711 is a vulcanization-adjustable grade, used for adhesive tapes. It has a high sulfur content, good processability of the rubber compound, good adhesion to reinforcing materials, and is wear-resistant.

Baypren 210 is a universal brand. It has excellent comprehensive performance and meets the processing requirements of different processes and products. The price is relatively low.

Baypren 230 (SN-238) is an extra-high Mooney grade with high mechanical strength. It is suitable for high strength and blending with other grades to achieve special product performance and process requirements.

Baypren 114 is a pre-crosslinked grade. It is suitable for extruding high-performance thin-walled and precise-size products, and the extruded products are resistant to collapse. Such as continuous vulcanization production of automotive wiper strips and other products and processes.

• Naming principles of LANXESS chloroprene rubber

LANXESS chloroprene rubber consists of a product name plus a 3-digit number. The product name is: Baypren, which is translated as Bayer Ping.

The brand name is represented by a 3-digit number, and Baypren 126 is used as an example as follows:

The first digit indicates the crystallization tendency, 1 slight/2 medium/3 strong crystallization (general brand); sulfur content, 5 low sulfur/6 medium/7 high sulfur (sulfur-adjusted brand).

The second digit indicates the Mooney viscosity: 1 low Mooney/2 medium/3 high Mooney.

The third digit indicates special properties: 4 pre-crosslinking; 5 pre-crosslinking plus xanthogenic acid disulfide adjustment; 6 xanthogenic acid disulfide adjustment.

The third digits 1 and 2 indicate the Mooney viscosity of the raw rubber and the tendency to form products. For example, the crystallinity of Baypren 111 is extremely low, while the crystallinity of Baypren 112 is low to moderate.

3. Future Development

1)The high-tech development of automobile products and the strengthening of safety, hygiene and environmental protection concepts have caused fundamental changes in rubber materials. Many general-purpose products will inevitably be replaced by special brands to adapt to their special properties. 

2) Modern rubber equipment is becoming more and more advanced and efficient, forcing the manufacturing process to be more and more perfect. Many product processes have consciously or unconsciously shifted from the original molding method to the injection method. This has led to an increase in demand for rubber compounds with good performance, long scorch time, and non-stick rollers. More attention is paid to injection rubber compounds with good fluidity. Lanxess's special Mooney rubber compound (Mooney can reach as low as 28 Mooney) chloroprene rubber brand was developed for this purpose.

3) The development of high-precision and cutting-edge technology requires many products with extremely high physical properties and low temperature resistance. In this regard, LANXESS already has a variety of special-functional chloroprene rubber grades available for selection, which need to be developed and utilized in combination with their functional requirements during product design and development, and explore newer and more scientific uses.

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Chloroprene rubber (CR), a synthetic material, is a common choice for making timing belts because of its good physical and chemical traits. Neoprene timing belts resist aging well and work best in regular transmission systems, but some situations might need different materials.

1. Aging resistance of chloroprene rubber timing belts

• Neoprene resists oxidation well, helping timing belts stay flexible and strong during regular use. This prevents the material from getting fragile or breaking down due to oxidation, making it good for machines exposed to air for extended periods, as it reduces the possibility of cracks or surface hardening.
• Heat resistance: The operating temperature range is generally between -20°C and 100°C, and it can operate for a long time in a medium-high temperature environment; under high temperature conditions, although its performance will decrease slightly, the aging process can be delayed by adding heat-resistant agents.
• Anti-ultraviolet performance: Neoprene has moderate anti-ultraviolet ability, but the surface may oxidize under long-term exposure to strong light, resulting in color changes and the formation of tiny cracks.
• Moisture resistance: Neoprene has good resistance to moisture and is suitable for high humidity environments. It is not easy to deteriorate due to moisture intrusion.
• Chemical corrosion resistance(Chloroprene Rubber SN-236T): It has good corrosion resistance to grease, weak acid, alkali and some chemical solvents, which slows down the aging rate, but is not suitable for contact with strong oxidizing chemicals.

2. Applicable scenarios of chloroprene rubber timing belts

• Industrial transmission equipment(Chloroprene Rubber SN-244X): Applicable to power transmission of conventional mechanical equipment, such as textile machinery, packaging equipment and general processing equipment.
• Medium temperature environment: It performs well in medium and high temperature (below 100°C) application scenarios, such as industrial drying equipment or HVAC systems.
• Indoor environment: Equipment with low requirements for UV resistance, such as indoor automation equipment or low maintenance systems.
• Medium humidity and chemical environment: It can be applied to equipment that contacts oils and weak acid and alkali environments, such as food processing machinery and light chemical equipment.

3. Limitations of aging resistance of chloroprene rubber timing belt

• Prolonged exposure to temperatures above 100°C can speed up the aging process, leading to reduced flexibility or hardening of the timing belt. When working in such conditions, fluororubber or silicone rubber belts are the preferred choice.
• Extended exposure to strong sunlight can cause surface oxidation and cracking, which reduces the lifespan of the belt. Polyurethane belts or those with anti-UV coatings are advisable for outdoor setups.
• Strong acids, bases, or concentrated chemical solvents can cause corrosion if the material isn't resistant enough.

4. Methods to extend the aging resistance of chloroprene rubber timing belts

• Reasonable storage: Store in a dry, ventilated, light-proof environment to avoid ultraviolet radiation and high temperature.
• Regular inspection: Regularly check whether there are cracks or hardening on the surface of the timing belt during use, and remove oil and chemical residues in time.
• Adding antioxidants: By adding antioxidants or anti-ultraviolet ingredients during the manufacturing process, the aging resistance of the timing belt can be significantly improved.
• Optimize working conditions: Avoid running the synchronous belt under excessive tension or extreme temperature to reduce the risk of aging.

Chloroprene rubber synchronous belts resist oxidation, heat, and moisture well, so they age slowly and work for many standard jobs. Still, they might not work as well when it's very hot, there's a lot of ultraviolet light, or things are very corrosive. You can make these belts last longer by storing and using them properly and keeping up with regular maintenance. Because of this, they're a solid, affordable choice.

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CR modified materials are really popular these days.  A company called Shanghai Shuangpu Rubber Anti-Corrosion Lining Co., Ltd. has rolled out a bunch of different rubber linings, like CR, CR/NR, and NBR/CR. These products are proving to be quite useful across various sectors, including chemicals, electricity, steel, mining, and water treatment. You can see more about this in Figure 1.

Interestingly, Shanghai Shuangpu Rubber Anti-Corrosion Lining Co., Ltd. has done some side-by-side tests and discovered that certain fluoroprene rubbers made locally are performing on par with similar CR products that come from Japan and Germany. This is great news for the local industry, as it shows that we’re capable of producing high-quality materials that can stand shoulder to shoulder with the best from around the world. So, whether it’s keeping things from rusting or just making tough parts for machines, these rubber linings are definitely pulling their weight in various industries.

However, there are still few varieties of domestically produced fluoroprene rubbers, and there is no low-hardness fluoroprene rubber material. The existing main varieties, such as Chloroprene Rubber CR121, Chloroprene Rubber CR232, etc., are made of fluoroprene lining rubber sheets that are relatively hard, and the pre-vulcanized rubber sheets produced are very hard, making the pasting construction difficult. Further tests show that adding a large amount of softener to the formula can reduce the hardness, but when it reaches a certain amount, it will significantly affect the bonding strength. The production test also shows that the bonding strength of the cold-adhesive adhesive produced by domestic Chloroprene Rubber CR244 is completely up to the level of foreign Denka A90 Chloroprene Rubber and Bayprene 213. However, after being applied to the steel plate and rubber plate, the bonding retention time of the adhesive coating is significantly lower than that of the adhesive made of Denka A90 Chloroprene Rubber and Bayprene 213, and it is more obviously affected by the ambient temperature and humidity, which increases the difficulty of rubber lining construction of large equipment and increases the quality risk. It can be seen that there is still a lot of room for research and improvement in the material variety and application characteristics of domestic fluoroprene.

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What is Neoprene?

Neoprene, also known as polychloroprene, is a synthetic rubber made by the free radical polymerization of chloroprene and is used in a wide variety of applications. It was first introduced by DuPont and was used by the U.S. military during World War II the following decade. Although it is one of the earliest synthetic rubbers, it is still very popular today. Neoprene has a wide range of applications due to its strong physical properties, chemical resistance, and flame retardancy. Neoprene is typically molded by injection molding, transfer molding, or compression molding.

Properties of Neoprene

Neoprene has many excellent properties that make it a widely used synthetic rubber. As with any polymer, there are some disadvantages to consider when considering using Neoprene for your application. Click here to learn more about how to choose the right type of rubber to manufacture your product.

Common Applications of Neoprene

Neoprene is a very commonly used rubber polymer that has a wide range of uses. It is resistant to water, fire, ozone, sunlight, and many other chemicals, making it a very versatile material. These applications include refrigeration seals, Freon/air conditioning, engine mounts, engine coolant, oil and chemical tank linings, automotive gaskets and seals, and weather stripping.

Other examples of neoprene applications include:

Water Sports(Chloroprene Rubber SN-242A). Neoprene is commonly used in wetsuits due to its waterproof and insulating properties. It is also used in a variety of equipment for scuba diving, fishing, surfing, boating, and other water sports.

Everyday Use(Chloroprene Rubber SN-241). Neoprene is used in many household items we use every day, including mouse pads, smartphone cases, laptop bags, remote controls, dishwashing gloves, and even musical instruments.

Face Masks(Chloroprene Rubber SN-243). During the COVID-19 pandemic, neoprene was found to be an effective material for making face masks. Since then, many manufacturers have used it to produce protective masks.

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Aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics exhibit excellent physical properties, including high thermal conductivity, low dielectric constant, high strength, high hardness, non-toxicity, and a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of silicon. Additionally, they demonstrate outstanding chemical stability and corrosion resistance. AlN-based multilayer co-fired substrates, used as dielectric isolation materials, are ideal for heat dissipation and packaging in high-power modules and large-scale integrated circuits.

I. Manufacturing Process of AlN Co-fired Substrates

The production process of AlN high-temperature co-fired ceramic (HTCC) multilayer substrates involves mixing AlN powder with sintering aids and additives to form a ceramic slurry. This slurry is then shaped into green ceramic sheets via tape casting. Pre-designed circuits are fabricated on these green sheets through processes such as drilling, filling, and printing using metal pastes. The sheets are then laminated and subjected to high-temperature sintering to produce highly thermally conductive and dense ceramic substrates.

Since high-thermal-conductivity AlN ceramics typically require sintering temperatures above 1600°C, conventional precious metal conductors like Pd-Ag or Au are unsuitable for co-firing with AlN. Instead, high-melting-point metals such as tungsten (W, melting point 3400°C) and molybdenum (Mo, melting point 2623°C) are used as co-fired conductors. However, W and Mo pastes exhibit poor solderability, necessitating surface plating with nickel, palladium, and gold to enhance solderability for subsequent assembly. 

High-temperature co-firing is a critical step in manufacturing AlN multilayer ceramic substrates, significantly impacting their flatness, conductor adhesion, and sheet resistance.

II. Application Fields of AlN Co-fired Substrates

AlN multilayer ceramic substrates combine the advantages of traditional multilayer ceramic substrates in 3D integration with superior thermal dissipation capabilities. They enable rapid heat dissipation while increasing packaging density and matching the thermal expansion coefficients of semiconductor materials. These substrates have broad application prospects in high-density, high-power multichip modules (MCMs), LED packaging, optical communication packaging, and MEMS packaging.

Multichip Modules (MCMs)

The advancement of large-scale integrated circuits imposes higher demands on inter-chip interconnections. High-density packaging technologies have become mainstream in high-end electronic systems. MCMs represent an advanced form of microelectronic packaging, integrating bare chips and micro-components onto a high-density wiring substrate to form functional modules or even subsystems. MCMs also facilitate miniaturization and high-density integration of electronic systems, serving as a critical pathway for system integration. High-density multilayer substrate technology is key to achieving high-density packaging in MCMs.

MEMS

MEMS systems integrate sensors, actuators, and control/drive circuits, combining microelectronics and micromechanical technologies. In MEMS, these components are tightly interconnected and mutually influential. The circuitry generates significant heat, while the mechanical components are fragile and prone to damage. Ensuring reliable signal transmission and effective protection between components is crucial, placing higher demands on MEMS packaging technologies.

About Xiamen Juci Technology

Juci Technology leverages high-purity raw materials, advanced composite additives, and precision sintering processes to enable stable mass production of high-performance AlN ceramic substrates. With flexible customization and rigorous quality control, we meet the demanding requirements of high-power LEDs, IGBT modules, 5G RF devices, and aerospace applications—making us a leading domestic supplier of ultra-high thermal conductivity aluminum nitride solutions.

Media Contact:
Xiamen Juci Technology Co., Ltd.

Phone: +86 592 7080230
Email: miki_huang@chinajuci.com

Website: www.jucialnglobal.com

The ocean holds great economic potential, but its harsh environment - high salinity, high humidity, microbial erosion, and wave impact - is constantly testing the durability of offshore infrastructure. Corrosion is one of the most severe and costly challenges facing the marine engineering field. From offshore wind power platforms, port terminals, oil and gas facilities to ships and cross-sea bridges, the invasion of corrosion not only causes huge economic losses, but also directly threatens structural safety and operational continuity. At  AAB Industry Group, we are well aware of these challenges and are committed to providing a full range of marine anti-corrosion solutions that exceed industry standards to ensure that your offshore assets remain new in the blue territory.

Understand the complexity of marine corrosion:

Corrosion in the marine environment is diverse and complex. The following highlights several key corrosion zones and mechanisms:

·Splash Zone: Alternating dry and wet, with sufficient oxygen, is the area with the fastest corrosion rate.

·Submerged Zone: Long-term immersion in seawater, facing uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, and local corrosion caused by the attachment of marine organisms.

·Tidal Zone: Periodic submergence and exposure, extremely harsh corrosion environment.

·Marine Atmosphere: Salt spray and high humidity cause continuous corrosion on metal surfaces.

·Microbiological Influence Corrosion (MIC): The activity of specific microorganisms accelerates the destruction of metal materials.

·Galvanic Corrosion: Accelerated corrosion caused by potential difference when different metal materials are connected.

The interaction of these factors makes marine corrosion prevention by no means an easy task, which requires systematic scientific design, high-performance materials and exquisite construction technology.

China AAB Industry Technology Group: Your trusted marine anti-corrosion guard

Faced with such complex challenges, China AAB Industry Technology Group provides customized marine anti-corrosion protection with its deep technical accumulation, innovative products and professional engineering services.

We provide a series of rigorously tested and verified high-performance marine anti-corrosion coating raw materials designed for harsh environments, such as fillers, additives, pigments, antifouling agents, etc. Our products have the following characteristics:

·Extraordinary weather resistance and UV resistance: Effectively resist salt spray, moisture and strong sunlight in the marine atmosphere.

·Excellent adhesion and flexibility: Even when the metal expands and contracts or the structure is slightly deformed, it can remain intact to prevent cracking and peeling.

·Extremely low water permeability and air permeability: Form a dense barrier to block the penetration of corrosive media.

·Excellent wear and impact resistance: Resist physical damage such as waves, floating ice, equipment collision, etc.

·Long-term anti-corrosion life: Under strict construction conditions, the design life can reach more than 15 years, significantly reducing maintenance frequency and total cost.

·Customized solutions: We carefully design the optimal coating system (primer, intermediate paint, topcoat) according to the specific environment of the structure (such as splash zone, full immersion zone, atmospheric zone), substrate type (steel, concrete, etc.) and service requirements.

The corrosion power of the ocean should not be underestimated, but it is by no means invincible. Choosing China AAB Industry Technology Group as your partner means choosing scientific, reliable and long-term protection. We not only provide top products and technologies, but also provide professional services and commitments throughout the entire cycle of project design, construction, and operation and maintenance. Let us work together to build an indestructible line of defense for your marine assets with innovative solutions, conquer corrosion challenges, and unleash the unlimited potential of the blue economy.

Take action now:

Visit our website China AAB industry technology group to learn more about our marine anti-corrosion solutions and technical information.

Contact our anti-corrosion experts for free consultation and customized solution recommendations for your specific project. Let our AAB's professional strength protect your offshore investment!

Mr.Bruce

Tel: +86 13951823978(Whatsapp)

Mail:info@aabindustrygroup.com